Name of Church Fathers

Birth

Death

Repr. Works

Brief Intro.

Alexander of Alexandria

2xx

328

Epistles

Bishop of Alexandria (312-328);

excommunicated Arius and whose deacon was Athanasius;

played a leading role in the Council of Nicaea

Alexander of Lycopolis

2xx

2xx

a pagan who became a Manichaean and later

a Christian; opposed Manichaeism

Ambrose of Milan

339c

397

De

Fide Resurrectionis,

De Sacramentis, De Officiis Ministrorum, On Faith,

On the Holy Spirit,

Bishop of Milan (374-397); was elected

Bishop while he was still a catechumen; influenced

Augustine to be converted to Christianity; one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Western Church (other three:

Gregory of the Great, Augustine, and Jerome); opposed

Arianism;

the first one who conveyed the ideas of

Transubstantiation in Eucharist and original sin from

Adam

Amphilochius of Iconium

340

395c

Iambi ad Seleucum

Bishop of Iconium (373-); head of the

Council of Side in 390 which excommunicated Messalians

Anastasius Sinaita

6xx

700c

Hodegos (~Odhgo,j)

Abbot of the monastery of St Catherine on

Mount Sinai; opposed monophysitism

Andrew of Caesarea

4xx

4xx

Commentary on the Book of Revelation

Bishop of Caesarea; using threefold

interpretive model: historical, moral, and mystical

Andrew of Crete

660c

740

Great Canon, Homilies

Bishop of Gortyna in Crete; hymn writer

Anthony the Great (of Egypt)

251c

356

hermit; ascetic; organized his disciples

into a community of hermits living under rule; support

Athanasius in Arian controversy

Aphrahat (Aphraates)

3xx

3xx

Demonstrationes

ascetic; known as the Persian Sage; the

first of Syriac Church Fathers

Apollinarius of Laodicea

315c

392

Commentaries, De Unione Corporis et Divinitatis in

Christo, Hymns, Sermons

Bishop

of Laodicea; opposed Arianism; a leader of

Apollinarianism; denied the full human nature in Christ

(the presence of human mind or soul in Christ); his idea

that no human subject in Christ; implied that Christ’s

manhood was not complete

Apollonius of Hierapolis

1xx

1xx

Defense of Faith, Against Pagans

Bishop of Hierapolis

Aristides the Athenian

1xx

1xx

Apology

a Christian apologist and philosopher;

his idea that Christians had a fuller understanding of

God than pagans or Jews

Aristo of Pella

1xx

1xx/2xx

Dialogue between Jason and Papiscus

Apologist; wrote Dialogue between

Jason and Papiscus the first of the literary

dialogues between a Jew and a Christian; provided an

account about the destruction of Jerusalem under Hadrian

in c135

Arnobius

2xx

327c

Adversus Nationes

(or Adversus Gentes)

converted to Christianity by a dream;

Lactantius’s teacher

Asterius of Amasea

3xx

4xx

Homilies

Bishop of Amasea in Pontus

Athanasius

296c

373

Against Arians, Life of Antony, Letters Concerning the

Holy Spirit, On Incarnation

the leader of opposing Arianism; support

homoousianism; by his conflict with Arianism he was

oppressed or exiled in the reigned of Constantine and

Constantius. His idea of the true deity of Son of God

and the Holy Spirit, which was in defense of the faith

proclaimed at the Council of Nicaea, triumphed over

Arianism at the Council of Constantinople in 381; Bishop

of Alexandria (328-373); one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Eastern Church

(other

three: Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, and John

Chrysostom)

Athenagoras of Athens

1xx

1xx

Legatio pro Christianis,

Supplication,

the Christian philosopher of Athens; the

first one to use a philosophical defense of the doctrine

of God as Three in One

Atticus

3xx

425

Epistles

Patriarch of Constantinople (406-);

opponent of John Chrysostom

Augustine of Hippo

354

430

Confessiones, Contra Iulianum, De Anima et Eius Origine,

De Civitate Dei,

De Cura pro Mortuis Gerenda, De

Genesi ad Litteram Libri Duodecim, De Quantitate Animae,

De Trinitate, Enarrationes in Psalmos, Sermones Ad

Populum

Bishop of Hippo (395-430);

one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Western Church

(other

three: Ambrose of Milan, Gregory of the Great, and

Jerome);

gives the Western tradition its mature and final

expression; his idea that faith must precede

understanding (Anselm follows this idea); Trinitarian

Orthodoxy: 1. Divine nature should be express in the

singular, 2. Three Persons in one essence or substance,

3. The distinction of three Persons is grounded in their

mutual relation within in the Godhead, 4. The three

Persons are real and subsistent relation, 5. The Spirit

is the Spirit of Father and son, 6. The Spirit is the

mutual love of Father and Son, the consubstantial bond

which unites Father and Son, 7. Both Son and Spirit are

from Father. It does not mean that God has two sons,

because Son is begotten and Spirit proceeds; Human

Condition and God’s Grace: 1. Human have original sin

transmitted from Adam through their parents, 2. Human,

except Adam and Eve, do not have ability and freedom to

choose good or do good work without God’s grace, 3. God

knows who will accept his grace of salvation in advance;

then God gives him/her the grace that they cannot

reject. It means that God’s grace will not in vain in

salvation, 4. Because of the God’s grace, human can

choose to accept God’s grace. Therefore, human do not

have attribution on the salvation,

5.

God has mercy to those whom He wants to

save by His own will. Beside His mercy, no one can be

saved by oneself or other ways. This is Augustine’s

Predestination and Fatalism.

Aurelius of Carthage

3xx

430c

Epistles

presides over many ecclesiastical

councils; admired by Augustine of Hippo

Ausonius

310c

395c

Epistles, Mosella

Latin poet and rhetorician; tutor to the

future emperor Gratian;

Avitus of Vienne

450

518

Contra Eutychianum, De Spiritalis Historiae Gestis,

Bishop of Vienne (c490-518); advocate of the

movement for ecclesiastical union of Gaul with Rome;

Barnabas

0xx

61c

Epistle of Barnabas

a Jewish Levite of Cyprus; one of the

earliest Christian disciple at Jerusalem; called an

Apostle in Acts 14:14; introduced Paul to Apostles;

martyred at Salamis; founder and the first Bishop of the

Church of Milan; Apostolic Father

Basil the Great (of Caesarea)

330

379

Against Eunomius,

Epistulae,

Homiliae in Hexaemeron

, On the Holy Spirit

Bishop of Caesarea (370-379);

the elder brother of Gregory of Nyssa and St. Macrina;

established hospitals and hostels for the poor;

one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Eastern Church

(other

three: Athanasius, Gregory of Nazianzus, and John

Chrysostom);

the leader of three

Cappadocian Fathers (with Gregory of

Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa); support Nicene Creed

and opposed Arians

Bede

the Venerable

673c

735

Ecclesiastical History of the English

People,

Explanatio

Apocelypsis, Expositio Actuum Apostolorum et Retractatio,

Vita Metrica Sancti Cuthberti Episcopi

the foremost and most influential scholar

from England; Doctor of the Church

Benedict of Nursia

480c

540

Rule of St Benedict

Patriarch of Western monasticism; known

for his

Rule for his monks;

Boethius, Severinus

480c

524s

Consolation of Philosophy

a philosopher and consul; influenced by

Neoplatonists; his definition of person as the

individual substance of a rational nature; his

definition of eternity as the simultaneous and perfect

possession of limitless life; his idea that through

philosophy the soul attains to knowledge of the vision

of God; canonized as St

Severinus

Caesarius of Arles

470c

542

Homilies

Bishop of

Arles (502-); composed two monastic rules, one for monks and one

for nuns;

John Cassian

360c

433c

Conlationes, De Incarnatione Domini, De Institutis

Coenobiorum

entered a monastery at Bethlehem; studied

monasticism in Egypt from c385; influenced by Evagrius

Ponticus and John Chrysostom; a deacon in the church of

Constantinople in c404; a close friend of Leo, the

future Pope; opposed Nestorius by his work De

Incarnatione Domini; established two monasteries

near Marseilles in c415; wrote De Institutis as

rules for monastic life which was used by St Benedict;

parts of his work Conlationes expressed

disagreement with Augustine’s doctrine of Grace, and

thus his position was called Semipelagianism; regarded

as a saint in the Eastern Church, but never canonized in

Western Church

Cassiodorus

485c

580c

Historia Gothorum

(lost); Historia Ecclesiastica Tripartita

Roman senator; established the monastic

community of Vivarium near Naples, built up a library

where collected many important manuscripts and biblical

commentaries

Chromatius of Aquileia

3xx

407

Homilies

mediated between Jerome and Rufinus

Clement of Alexandria

150c

215c

Paedagogus, Protrepticus, Stromata

Hellenic Theologian; Origen’s Teacher;

believing in Christianity the fulfillment of Greek

philosophy; his theology is indebted to platonic

philosophy and Gnosticism

Clement

of Rome

0xx

97c

1

Clement

Bishop of Rome (88c-97c); his writings

provides important description of ministry and history

in his time and martyrdom of St. Peter and Paul;

Apostolic Father

Columba of Iona

521

597

trained in Irish monasteries; founded a

monastery at Iona; anointed Gabrain as King of Scots of

Dalriada; established many churches in Ireland and

Scotland; known as “Dove of the Church”

Commodianus

2xx /4xx

2xx /4xx

Apologeticum, Carmen, Instructions

Christian Latin poet

Cyprian of Carthage

200c

258

Ad

Quirinum, De Catholicae Ecclesiae Unitate, De Lapsis, De

Opere et Eleemosynis, Epistulae

two years after his conversion (from a

pagan rhetorician) he was elected Bishop of Carthage

(c248-258); organized charitable works; believing

baptism outside the Church invalid; demanding the

rebaptism of schismatics; wrote on almsgiving as a means

of obtaining grace; martyr

Cyril of Alexandria

375c

444

Apology against Julian the Apostate, Commentaries, De

Trinitate, Epistles, Thesaurus de Trinitates

Bishop of Alexandria (412-444); Athanasius’s

student;

opposed

Nestorius; outstanding teaching about the person and

saving work of Christ; his idea that Christ is God and

man at once, united without coalescence; Christ is one

subject (hypostasis) out of two natures; God died

humanly on the cross; his Second Letter to Nestorius was

made by the Third General Council (in Ephesus 431 ) as

its authoritative interpretation of Christology; Doctor

of the Church;

Cyril of Jerusalem

317c

386

Catechetical Lectures

Bishop of Jerusalem (c349-);; three

banishments because of opposing Arianism; Doctor of the

Church

Damasus I

304c

384

(parts of) Decretum

Gelasianum

Pope (366-384); active in suppressing heresy

including Arianism and Donatism; commissioned his

secretary St Jerome to revise the Latin biblical text;

established monuments of martyrs and adorned their tombs

Didymus the Blind

313

398

Adversus Eunomium, Commentaties,

(the fourth and fifth books of Basil of Caesarea’s)

blind from infancy; assigned by

Athanasius to the direction of Catechetical School at

Alexandria;

Jerome and

Rufinus’s teacher; opposed

Arianism

and

Macedonian heresy;

supported Origen’s teachings and thus condemned at the

Fifth

Ecumenical Councils

with Origen in 533

Diodore of Tarsus

3xx

390c

Commentaries

Bishop of Tarsus;

A founder of Antioch School, which opposed Alexander

School on Christology; teacher of John Chrysostom and

Theodore of Mopsuestia; literal and historical exegesis;

opposed allegorism; opposed Apollinarius; insisting on

the complete humanity of Christ; one of the leading

figure at the Council of Constantinople (381);

Dionysius of Corinth

1xx

1xx/2xx

Epistles

Bishop of Corinth; his letter to the church

of Rhossus forbidding the reading of the Gospel of Peter

is very important information of history of the

canonization of Scripture

Dionysius of Rome

1xx /2xx

268

Pope (259-268);

opposed

Sabellianism; sent help to the church of

Caesarea when it was invaded

Dionysius of Alexandria

1xx/2xx

264c

De

Natura

Bishop of

Alexandria (247c-264c); Origen’s student;

re-admitted the lapsed to the Church; supported, with

Pope Stephen, not to re-baptize heretics and schismatics;

opposed Sabellianism; accused of tritheism by Dionysius

of Rome; his work De Natura is the earliest

extant Christian opposition of Epicureanism; literal

interpretation to the Book of Revelation

(Pseudo-)Dionysius

the Areopagite

4xx

5xx

Celestial Hierarchy, Divine Names, Ecclesiastical

Hierarchy, Mystical Theology, Epistles

mystical theologian; combined

Neoplatonism with Christianity; his idea that the union

of the whole created order with God; this union is the

final stage of threefold process of purification,

illumination, and perfection (or union); God is beyond

symbols and concepts; influenced greatly the Christian

mystical tradition

Ephraem the Syrian

306c

373

Carmina Nisibena, De Nativitate, Hymns

wrote his works in Syriac, but soon

translated into Greek and Latin; established a Bible and

Theology school as well as women’s choirs to sing his

hymns at Edessa; his poetry greatly influenced Greek

hymnography; Doctor of the Church

Epiphanius of Salamis

315c

403

Ancoratus

(

vAgkurwto,j),

Panarion

Bishop of Salamis (367-); supported the

faith of Nicaea; attacked every heresy known from the

beginning of the Church by his work Panarion;

active in Apollinarianism and Melitian controversy;

joined Jerome in his attack on Origenism; opposed the

use of images in Christian worship

Eucherius of Lyon

3xx

450c

De

Contemptu Mundi, De Laude Heremi, Passio Agaunensium

Martyrum

Bishop of Lyon (434c-), advocate of

asceticism

Eugippius

455c

535c

Life of St Severinus

Abbot of Lucullanum; compiled a

collection of extracts from works of Augustine which was

popular in the Middle Ages; wrote rules of monks

Eusebius of Caesarea

260c

340c

Contra Marcellum, De Ecclesiastica Theologia, Historia

Ecclesiastica, Onomastico, Preparation for the Gospel,

Theophany, Vita Constantini,

Bishop of Caesarea (315-); Father of Church

History; Pamphilus’s student; defense of Origen’s

teaching; opposed Sabellianism; active in Arian

controversy; supported Arius and thus condemned at the

Council of Antioch (324/5); reinstated by Constantine at

the Council of Nicaea (325); active until died

Eusebius of Emesa

2xx/3xx

359c

Homilies

Bishop of Emesa, refused to fill the see of

Alexandria when Athanasius was deposed in 339

Eusebius of Vercelli

3xx

371

Epistles

first Bishop of Vercelli (340-); opposed

Arianism; exiled after the Synod of Milan; translated

Eusebius of Caesarea’s commentaries into Latin;

Evagrius Ponticus (Pamphilius)

345/6

399

De Diversis Malignis Cogitationibus,

De Octo Spiritibus Malitiae, Rerum Monachalium

Rationes, Monks, Praktikos.

A student of Gregory of Nazianzus. Play a

central role in the history of Christian spirituality.

Influence Palladius, Cassian abd Maximus the Confessor.

Condemned for his Origenistic views.

Firmilian

1xx

268

Epistles

Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia

(230c-268); admired Origen; oppose Pope Stephen’s idea

that baptism outside the Church is still valid;

supported Cyprian’s idea that baptism valid only

performed in the Church and thus that heretics and

schismatics must be re-baptized; presided the first of

the Synod of Antioch

Fulgentius of Ruspe

468c

533

Epistles, Homilies

Bishop of Ruspe in North Africa (507c-);

resigned the Roman civil service for monastic life;

opposed Arianism and Pelagianism; follower of

Augustine’s teaching; banished to Sardinia with 60 other

Bishops by Arian king Thrasamund

Gaius (Caius)

1xx

2xx

Dialogue against Proclus

Roman presbyter; orthodox Churchman;

opposed Montanist; rejected the Gospel of John and the

Book of Revelation as canon of Scripture and thus was

opposed by Hippolytus

Gennadius of Massilia

4xx

4xx

De

Viris Illustribus

presbyter at Massilia; historian and

Semipelagian; his work

De Viris Illustribus

(continuation of Jerome’s book of the same name)

contains 101 notices of ecclesiastical writers in the

East and West, most in his times

Gregory of Nazianzus

329c

389c

De

Rebus Suis, De Seipso et De Episcopis, De Vita Sua,

Epistulae, Five Theological Orations, Orationes

After studied at university of Athens,

adopted the monastic life; Bishop of Constantinople

(379-381); made a great influence in restoring the faith

of Nicaea at the Council of Constantinople (381); one of

the

Four Great Doctors in the Eastern Church

(other

three: Athanasius, Basil the Great, and John Chrysostom);

the second of three

Cappadocian Fathers (with Basil the Great and Gregory of

Nyssa);

one of three

Orthodox

saints honored with the title The Theologian

Gregory of Nyssa

331s

395c

Against Eunomius, Catechetical Oration, De Anima et

Resurrectione, De Hominis Opificis, De Virginitate,

Encomium in XL Martyres,

Vita Sanctae Marcrine

Bishop of Nyssa (371c-);

the younger brother of Basil the Great;

exegetical works and eschatology (believing both the

souls in hell and the devils will return to God) were

influenced by Origen;

supported

the faith of Nicaea; opposed Arianism and thus was

deposed from 376-378; played an important role at the

Council of Constantinople (381); supported that Christ

is one Person in two natures; the third of three

Cappadocian Fathers (with Basil the Great

and Gregory of Nazianzus)

Gregory of Tours

538

594

De

Virtutibus Sancti Martini, Historia Francorum,

Miraculorum Libri

Bishop of Tours (573-); born in Gaul; wrote

early history of France (from the Creation to 591); his

writing about France history was honest but untidy

Gregory Thaumaturgus

213c

270c

Epistles

Bishop of Neocaesarea; Origen, his teacher,

influence him to be converted to Christianity; after

returned to Neocaesarea, converted its pagan population;

because of rich legends of miracles attributed to him,

his was called “Thaumaturgus (the wonder worker)”;

opposed Paul of Samosata and Sabellianism at the first

Synod of Antioch

Gregory the Great

540c

604

Dialogues, Homilies, Moralia in Job, Regula Pastoralis

Bishop of Rome (590-604); promoter of

monasticism; founded seven monasteries (6 in Sicily and

1 in Rome); powerful civil administration and military

defense of Italy during the invasion of the Lambards;

conducted a great amount of charity works; upheld the

supremacy of the Roman see; great success in his mission

to England (which began due to a encounter with a Saxon

slave in the market); his theology shows the ideal of

contemplative life; supported the veneration of relics;

influenced the doctrine of purgatory and the development

of liturgical music (“Gregorian Chant” was linked to his

name although it was formed long after his pontificate);

made important change in liturgy; one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Western Church

(other

three: Ambrose of Milan, Augustine, and Jerome)

Hegesippus of Palestine

110c

180c

Hypomnemata

(~upomnh,mata)

a

Jewish

convert; opposed Gnostics; wrote succession list of

early Bishops of Rome (down to Anicetus, died c168)

which probably was the earliest list of Roman Bishops

Hermias

1xx/2xx

2xx

The Satire of Hermias

(or Mockery of the Heathen Philosophers)

Christian philosopher who satirized pagan

philosophers and their opinions on the nature of God,

the soul and the world

Hesychius of Jerusalem

4xx

4xx

Homilies,

Church History

(lost)

a monk, then a presbyter at Jerusalem;

supported Cyril of Alexandria’s view in Nestorian

controversy; opposed Theodore of Mopsuestia, Manichees,

Arians and Apollinarians

Hilary of Poitiers

315c

367c

De

Synodis, De Trinitate Libri Duodecim, Opus Historicum,

Bishop of Poitiers, French (353-); opposed

Arianism and thus was condemned at the Synod of Biterrae

(356) and exiled by emperor Constantius; “Athanasius of

the West”; the most respected Latin theologian in his

age; the earliest known hymn writer in the West; Doctor

of the Church

Hippolytus of Rome

170c

236c

Refutatio Omnium Haeresium, Commentarius in Danielem,

The Apostolic Tradition

Bishop of Rome; wrote The commentary

of Daniel, the first orthodox Bible commentary book

in Christianity history, and

The Apostolic Tradition,

recorded various rituals, including baptism and

Eucharist

Ignatius of Antioch

035c

107c

Epistolae Supposititiae

the second (or third) Bishop of Antioch,

the successor of St Peter; opposed Docetism and claiming

the reality of both Christ’s divinity and humanity;

wrote seven letters while was taken to Roman for trial;

his letters provided important information regarding the

office of Bishop and promoted the significance of the

Bishop see (e.g. Eucharist and baptism cannot function

without Bishop who has been appointed by Christ);

nothing is known of the office of Bishop prior to

Ignatius; his words in letters were quoted by church

fathers; his letters were widely circulated in Christian

community; desire for martyrdom; on the way to martyrdom

from Antioch to Rome he wrote letters to the Church of

Rome, bagging them not to deprive him of impending

martyrdom by intervention; greatly honored by Polycarp;

Apostolic Father

Irenaeus

130s

200c

Adversus Haereses,

Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

Bishop of Lyons (c178); the Father of

Catholic dogmatics; Tertullian’s teacher; in his age,

Gnosticism was a serious threat to Christianity; his

work Adversus Haereses was mainly an attack of

Gnostics, particularly Valentinus; valued theological

tradition in the Church; emphasizing Christian

Monotheism (e.g. the unity of Father and Son in the work

of redemption); developed the doctrine of

“recapitulation” of human evolution in Incarnate Christ;

claiming the co-ordinate authority of four Gospels

Isaac of Nineveh

6xx

700c

Homilies

Bishop of Nineveh (from c 676); after five

months as Bishop, he retired from the see to live a life

of solitude; his ascetic writings were translated into

Greek, Arabic, and Ethiopic, and selected homilies into

Latin;

Isidore of Pelusium

360c

440c

Epistles

during the Third Council of Ephesus,

corresponded with Cyril of Alexandria; admired

Cappadocian Fathers and John Chrysostom; adopted

Christology of Alexandria but practiced literally and

historically biblical interpretations of Antioch;

honored as teacher of spiritual life

Isidore of Seville

560c

636

Chronica Moiora; De Ecclesiastics Officiis, De Naura

Rerum, De Viris Illustribus, Etymologiarum,

Historia Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum,

Sententiae, Synonyma,

Bishop of Seville (c600-); presided the

second Council of Seville (619) and the fourth Council

of Toledo (633), which dealt with monastic discipline,

clerical education, and liturgical uniformity as well as

promoted a close relation between church and state; made

a great influence on the clerical scholars and the

churches in Spain as well as on culture and education of

west medieval Europe; his encyclopedic work

Etymologiarum

(in 20 books) was extremely popular in the Middle Age

and provided valuable source for learning; his work

Historia Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum was

primary source for Spanish history; Doctor of the

Church; the last of the Fathers of the Western Church

Jacob of Sarug (Serugh)

451c

521

Epistles, Homilies, Hymns

Bishop of Batnae,

Sarug (519-521); called “the Flute of the

Holy Spirit” because of his homiletical writings

Jerome (/Eusebius Hieronymus)

345c

420

Apologia contra Rufinum,

Commentariorum in Danielem,

Epistolae,

Vita Sancti Hilarionis, Vita Sancti Pauli Eremitae,

Vulgate

after having a dream, then fully devoted

himself to Christ faith and became a hermit in the

Syrian desert where he studied Hebrew; Pope Damascus’s

secretary from 382; requested by Pope Damascus, he

revised the Old Latin version of the Bible; he then

translated most of Scripture into vulgar Latin; his

translation thus named Vulgate, which became most

widely used in the West and the Bible of the Latin

church from the early Middle Ages until the Second

Vatican Council (1962-5); a abbot of a men’s monastery

at Bethlehem from 386 to death; advocated extreme

asceticism; one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Western Church

(other

three: Ambrose of Milan, Gregory of the Great, and

Augustine);

painted as a bishop with a red clothes

and a lion under his feet on Christian art works after

13th century.

John Chrysostom

347c

407

Ad

Theodorum Lapsum, Homiliae de Statuis, Homiliae in Acta

Apostolorum,

Homiliae in Epistulam I & II ad

Corinthios, Homiliae in Epistolam ad Romanos, Homiliae

in Genesim, Homiliae in Johnnem, Homiliae in Matthaeum

Bishop of Constantinople (398-); a

student of Diodore of Tarsus, the leader of School of

Antioch; a hermit (c373-c381) practicing austerity;

named “Chrysostom (golden-mouthed)” because of his

outstanding work of preaching which mainly concerned

with the moral reformation of the nominal Christians;

After becoming a Bishop of Constantinople in 398,

started reforming the city, especially the corruption of

court and clergy; accused of sheltering Tall Brothers

who fled from Egypt after the condemnation of Origenism,

and thus condemned and removed from the see at Synod of

Oak (403); despite the support of Pope Innocent I,

people of Constantinople, and the entire Western Church,

he was still exiled by his enemies, particularly Empress

Eudoxia; died in forced travelling on foot in exile in

severe weather with feeble health; the greatest of

Christian Bible commentator; one of the

Four Great Doctors in the Eastern Church

(other

three: Athanasius, Basil the Great, and Gregory of

Nazianzus)

John Climacus

570c

649c

Ladder of Divine Ascent

Abbot at Sinai; his ascetic work

Ladder of Divine Ascent was an influential in the

eastern church

John of Damascus

660c

750c

Apostolic Discourses, Fountain Head of Knowledge,

Hiera (Sacra Parallela), Homilies

resigned his office in c706 and became a

monk near Jerusalem and then a priest; a strong

supporter of images and resister of the Iconoclastic

policy issued by emperor Leo the Isaurian; then

anathematized at the Iconoclastic council (754); against

Nestorians, monophysites, monothelites and Muslim

fatalism; offered the first account by a Christian

theologian concerning Islam as a heresy; drawing the

works of early Church Fathers, he wrote the fundamentals

of Christian faith, including on God, Trinity,

Christology, creation, human nature, providence, prayer,

Sacraments, Scriptures, and Last Things; his works were

a primary resource later theology and the Greek dogmatic

tradition; his greatest was probably his liturgy poetry;

Doctor of the Church;

the last of the Fathers of the Eastern

Church

Julianus Pomerius

4xx

5xx

The Contemplative Life

a ascetical priest at Gaul; Caesarius of

Arles’s teacher; his work The Contemplative Life

presents the ideal of Christian life and was popular in

the Middle Ages

Julius Africanus, Sextus

180c

250c

Chronicles, Epistles

played an important role in establishing

the new public library at the Pantheon, Rome;

corresponded with Origen and Aristides; his

Chronicles (a history of the world to 217)

affinities to chiliasm and expresses that Christ was

born in year 5500 (counted from the creation) and would

returned in the year 6000; his Chronicles partly

preserved in Eusebius’s Chronicles

Justin Martyr

100c

165c

First Apology, Second Apology, Dialogus cum Tryphone

Judaeo

converted from pagan philosopher to

Christianity in c130; a philosophical teacher teaching

Christian faith from c135 at Ephesus; opened a Christian

school at Rome in which Tatian was one of students; his

apologetical works mainly argued that Christianity was a

true philosophy showing the whole truth; his

First Apology

addressed to Emperor Antoninus Pius and his adopted

sons, Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus; his

Second Apology,

addressed to Roman senate; created a formula of Trinity

(God is sun and Christ is sunshine but Christ is not

equal to God, is under God); according to an official

court report, he was scourged and beheaded due to being

denounced as a Christian and refusing to offer sacrifice

to Roman gods

Juvencus

2xx/3xx

3xx

Evangeliorum

a Spanish priest; a Christian Latin poet;

his poetic work Evangeliorum writing Life of

Christ; this work was probably the first Christ epic

which was popular throughout the Middle Ages

Lactantius

250c

325c

De

Ave Phoenice, De Opificio Dei, Divinae Institutiones, De

Ira Dei, De Mortibus Persecutorum

Arnobius’s student; appointed as

Diocletian’s teacher of Latin rhetoric, but lost the

post during Diocletian’s persecution of Christians in

c303; emperor Constantine made him tutor to his eldest

son Crispus in Gaul; his work Divinae Institutiones

offered a philosophy of religion and was the

systematic account of the Christian attitude to life in

Latin; his work De Mortibus Persecutorum

describes the horrible deaths of all persecutors and

also gives the earliest (survived) report about

Constantine’s famous dream by which he received

God’s instruction to mark a Christian

symbol on his soldiers’ shields for the decisive battle

of the Milvian Bridge in 312; was called “the Christian

Cicero” by the humanists of the Renaissance who showed a

special favor on Lactantius’s works

Leo I (Leo the Great)

400c

461

Epistles, Homilies

Pope (440-); opposed Pelagianism while as

a Roman deacon; promoted the power of central government

of the Church by claiming the supremacy of Pope was from

Divine and Scripture authority; a rescript by

Valentinian III recognized his jurisdiction over all the

Western province; the Council of Chalcedon (451)

accepted his Tome (Epistola Dogmatica) as a

standard of orthodox Christology; his political prestige

was enhanced by persuading the Hunds to withdraw (452)

and securing concessions from Vandals who took Rome

(455);

Doctor of the Church

Leontius of Byzantium

4xx

543c

Contra Nestorian et Eutychianos

a monk of Palestine supported

Chalcedonian Christology; a dyophysite and opposed

monophysites;

Lucian of Antioch

2xx

312

a presbyter and an influential teacher of

Antioch whose students included Arius and Eusebius of

Nicomedia; his Subordinationist teaching was probably

the primary source of Arian doctrine; a editor of a

revised text of Septuagint which became the standard Old

Testament text in Syria, Asia Minor, and

Constantinople;

was martyred at Nicomedia in 312

Lucifer

3xx

370c

Epistles,

Bishop of Cagliari in Sardinia; fiercely

opposed

Arianism and defended

Athanasius

at the Council of Milan in 354; was banished to

Palestine and then Egypt by emperor Constantius II, a

supporter of Arians

Macarius of Alexandria

3xx

394c

a Egyptian hermit lived near St Anthony;

a ordained priest; was persecuted by Arians

Macarius the Great (of Egypt)

300c

390c

Spiritual Homilies

established a monastery in the Desert of

Secete which became an important center of monasticism;

influenced by St Anthony

Malchion

2xx

2xx/3xx

Epistles

A presbyter in Antioch; head of a

Hellenic rhetorical school at Antioch; wrote the letter

denouncing Paul of Samosata as a heretic

Marius Mercator

3xx/4xx

4xx

Augustine’s disciple; opposed Pelagianism,

Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Nestorian;

Martin of Braga

520c

579

Capitula Martini, De Ira, Epistles,

Formula Vitae Honestae, Sententiae Patrum Aegyptiorum

a founder and abbot of a monastery at

Dumio, Spain; Bishop of Braga (c570-); presided at the

second Council of Braga (572); promoted the cult of St

Martin of Tours in Spain; translated saying of Desert

Fathers from Greek into Latin for his monks; was

influenced by John Cassian

Martin of Tours

316c

397

as still a catechumen,

gave half of his only garment (a cloak) to the poor man;

that night in his dream Martin saw the appearance of the

Lord Christ who dressed in Martin’s garment

and honored Martin’s behavior; a hermit established a

monastery at Liguge; practiced and promoted monasticism;

evangelized the countryside; a well-known holy man and

healer and thus elected as

Bishop of Tours (317c-); Gregory of Tours

wrote Martin’s miracle works at his shrine by his

relics; a patron saint of France

Martyios (Sahdona)

5xx

6xx

Book of Perfection

a monk; became Bishop of Mahoze; was

twice expelled because of his heretic teaching on

Christology; his work Book of Perfection expresses

asceticism and monastic ideal

Maximus of Turin

3xx

408-23

Homilies

Bishop of Turin; a preacher who made use of

allegory; his sermons were circulated in medieval

homiliaries

Maximus the Confessor

580

662

Ambigua, Capita de Caritate, Mystagogia, Questiones ad

Thalassium,

a Byzantine theologian; resigned the post

of Imperial Secretary under the emperor Heraclius and

became a monk in c614; opposed monothelites and

monophysites; was exiled in c635 due to violation of the

emperor’s decree of silence in the matter of Christ’s

will; his tongue and right hand were cut off in c662 and

then was exiled because of his refusal to compromise his

dyothelite position; made a great influence on

subsequent Byzantine theology and monastic practice

Melitius of Antioch

3xx

381

appointed Bishop of Antioch in 360 but was

exiled by emperor Constantius II (a supporter of

Arianism) immediately after gave his inaugural sermon

which clearly showed his anti-Arianism position;

restored to the see in 362 during Julia tenure; was

banished twice under the Arian emperor Valens; restored

in 378 and presided at the Council of Constantinople

(381), during which he died; the Melitian schism in

Antioch was a dispute between Melitius and his rival

orthodox party, Paulinus (consecrated by Lucifer of

Cagliari and supported by Athanasius) and his followers

who questioned Melitius’s theology; both groups had

their own Bishops after the schism for many until the

death of Melitius

Melito of Sardis

1xx

190c

Apology, On the Pasch

(Peti,

Pa,sca)

Bishop of Sardis in Asia Minor;

anti-Judaism; an supporter of Quartodeciman practice and

orthodox Christology; described Christ as by nature God

and Man; wrote apology addressed to emperor Marcus

Aurelius; influenced Irenaeus and Tertullian

Methodius of Olympus

2xx

311c

Symposium

(Sumpo,sion),

On Free Will, on the Resurrection,

Bishop of

Olympus in Lycia; an opponent of Origen; death in the

Diocletianic persecution;

(Marcus) Minucius Felix

1xx/2xx

2xx/3xx

Octauius

an Latin apologist; wrote Octauius

in elegant Latin to attack pagan mythology and

defend Christianity;

Moses Khorenac’i

4xx

4xx

History of Armenia

an historian of Armenia and the Armenian

church; known as the father of Armenian national history

Nectarius of Constantinople

3xx

397

Homily

Bishop of

Constantinople (381-397); was selected by

Theodosius I in 381 to succeed Gregory of Nazianzus in

the imperial see while unbaptized; became Bishop after

baptism and presided over the final stage of the second

Oecumenical Council

Niceta (Nicetas) of Remesiana

3xx

414c

Diversis Appellationibus, De Ratione Fidei, De Spiritu

Sancto, De Vigiliis, Explanatio Symboli,

Bishop of Remesiana (370-414c); opposed

Arianism and the Pneumatomachi; his work was a primary

source for the history of the Apostles’ Creed

Nilus of Ancyra

3xx

430c

De

Monachorum, De Voluntaria Paupertate, Epistles

Bishop of Ancyra; a disciple of John

Chrysostom and founder of a monastery near Ancyra; his

letters provide information about the survival

paganism

Nonnus of Panopolis

400c

4xx

Paraphrasis in Iohannem

a Christian poet from Panopolis

Novatian

2xx

258c

De

Trinitate, Epistles, On Jewish Meats, On Public Shows,

On the Advantage of Christianity

a Roman presbyter and a counter Bishop in

Rome; his work De Trinitate was a theologically

unequaled work in the west before 350; Novatianism came

from his view that the holiness of the Church would be

stained by permitting those who had compromised or

apostatized to return; his view was supported by Antioch

but rejected by Dionysius of Alexandria; a martyr under

Valerian persecution (257-8)

Oecumenius

5xx

5xx

Apocalypse

author of the earliest extant

Greek

commentary on the

Book of Revelation which does not mentions earlier

commentaries and which earned him the names “Rhetor“ and

“Philosopher”; this

commentary views the

Book of Revelation as a divinely inspired

canonical Book

Optatus of Milevis

3xx

3xx

Against the Donatists

Bishop of Milevis in North Africa; wrote

Against the Donatists,

from which Augustine took many

ideas when he opposed Donatists;

Origen

185c

254c

Contra Celsum, De Principiis, Epistula ad Africanum,

Hexapla, Homiliae in Exodum, Homiliae in Genesim, In

Canticum Canticorum, In Ieremiam,

On Prayer,

Exhortation to Martyrdom

practiced a strictly ascetical life of

fasting, vigils, and voluntary poverty; mutilated

genital by himself (interpreting Mt. 19:12 literally);

recognized three-fold understandings of the Scripture,

literal, moral and allegorical; well-known

by his allegorical interpretation of the Bible;

advocated

Subordinationism, Christ and Holy Spirit is subordinate

to God; was opposed by his Bishop in Alexandria but was

supported by Bishops of Caesarea and Aelia;

was imprisoned and suffered prolonged torture during the

persecution of Decius;

posthumously anathematized at

Fifth Ecumenical Council

in 533 for his teachings, including origin of the soul

and universalism; greatly admired by Cappadocian

Fathers; probably the most

prolific Christian writer among Church Fathers (about

2000 works, including commentaries on almost every book

of the Scripture, hundreds of homilies and production by

dictation);

probably no one, except the apostle Paul,

have more influential than Origen on Christian thought

Orosius

3xx/4xx

4xx

Commonitorium,

Historia adversus Paganos

a historian from Spain; his view of

history in his Historia adversus Paganos followed

Augustine’s view in De Civitate Dei

Pachomius

290c

346

Rules

(for the monks)

founder of coenobitic monasticism;

established a monastery at Tabennisi near Nile in c320;

as abbot-general over nine monasteries before death

Pacian of Barcelona

310c

391c

Epistles, Paraenesis ad Poenitentiam

Bishop of Barcelona; opposed Novatianism;

his famous epigram, “My name is Christian; my family

name is Catholic”

Palladius of Helenopolis

364c

425

Dialogue, Historia Lausiaca

Bishop of Helenopolis in Bithynia; Evagrius

Ponticus’s student; supported John Chysostom and thus

was exiled in 406; was accused by Jerome of Origenism;

his work

Historia Lausiaca (dedicated to Lausus) provides important

information of early monasticism;

Pamphilus of Caesarea

240c

309c

Apology for Origen

Origen’s disciple and Pierius’s student;

a leader of a theological school at Caesarea; a martyr

under the persecution of Maximinus Daza

Pantaenus

1xx

190c

converted to Christianity from Stoicism;

a leader of a Catechetical school at Alexandria;

Clement of Alexandria’s teacher; a pioneer of spiritual

interpretation of the Scripture

Papias

060c

130

Expositions of the Oracles of the Lord

(Aogi,wn

Kuriakw/n VExhgh,seij)

Bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor; his

work

Expositions of the Oracles of the Lord

describes the Gospel of Matthew written

in Hebrew and the Gospel of Mark faithfully recording

the preaching of St Peter but not in good order; upheld

materialistic view of Millennium

Patrick

3xx/4xx

460c

Confession, Epistles

Apostle of the Irish; born in Britain;

captured by Irish pirates at the age of 16 and became a

slave (a herdsman) in Ireland for 6 years; escaped from

captivity by Divine help; became a Bishop around 432 and

then went to Ireland and spent the rest of life

evangelizing and educating the Irish

Paulinus of Nola

355

431

Epistles,

Poems

Bishop of Nola; served as governor of

Campania while still a young man; converted to

Christianity and went to North Spain; began giving their

fortune to the poor after the death of his only son and

lived a life of continence; was acquainted with Martin

of Tours, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine; his poetic works,

like Prudentius’s, as the foremost Christian Latin poet

Peter Chrysologus

400c

454

Epistles, Homilies

Bishop of Ravenna (433-454); wrote a letter

to Eutyches in 499 to ask him to submit to the Roman see

and to its orthodoxy; was named “Chrysologus

(golden-worded)” as a counterpart of “Chrysostom

(golden-mouthed)”; Doctor of the Church

Peter of Alexandria

2xx

311

Bishop of

Alexandria (300-311); survived the persecution of

Diocletian and then declared a moderate policy regarding

the readmission to the Church of those who had lapsed in

persecution; this policy provoked Melitius’s schism; his

work shows opposing Origenism; was beheaded in the

persecution of Maximin; Eusebius name him “a model

Bishop”

Philip of Side

3xx

4xx

Christian History

(Cristianikh.

~Istori,a)

a deacon ordained by Chrysostom and then

became a priest; wrote Christian History

depicting events from the creation to his times; wrote a

defense against Julian the apostate

Philoxenus of Mabbug

440c

523

Commentaries, Discourses on the Christian Life, Epistles

Bishop of Mabbug (Hierapolis) from 485; a

monophysite; like his contemporary Severus of Antioch,

as a leading thinkers in Syrian Orthodox Church;

initiated a new translation of the Bible; was exiled on

the accession of Justin I

Polycarp

069c

155c

Epistles to Philippians

Apostolic Father; Bishop of Smyrna; an

important Christian figure who links the Apostolic Age

with the time of Apostolic Fathers; critically opposed

Marcionites and Valentinians; have conversations with

the Apostle John and those who had seen Jesus; his

letters shows a significant acquaintance with the New

Testament, particularly the Pastoral Epistles; went to

Rome to discuss with the Bishop which resulted in an

agreement that each church could maintain its own custom

and that church in Asia could continue the Qartodeciman

practice; during a public pagan festival, was arrested

around the age of 86 because of refusal to recant his

faith; Martyrium Polycarpi, written by his

church, recorded his trial and martyrdom (first by

burning and then by dragger) as well as the first

Christian account of martyrdom and the earliest witness

to the Christian practice of having meal for the dead,

especially the martyrs

Proclus of Constantinople

3xx

446

Epistles, Homilies

(Tome

of St Proclus)

Bishop of Constantinople (434-446); as a

priest, opposed Nestorius by a sermon on the

Theotokos in the presence of Nestorius in c428 which

was eventually placed in the acts of the Council of

Ephesus (431); his

Tome

described one Christ in two natures and

condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia’s view; the traditional

formula that “One of the trinity was crucified according

to the flesh” has been ascribed to him

Prosper of Aquitaine

390c

463c

Carmen de Ingratis

(a hexameter poem),

Chronicle, Epistles

opposed Semipelagianism; his letter to

Augustine shows that his teaching followed Augustine’s

doctrines of grace and predestination but was opposed by

John Cassian’s adherents; by his exposition, Augustinian

doctrines was transmitted into the Council of Orange

(529); made a great influence on the Carolingian

theologians

Quadratus of Athens

0xx

1xx

Apology

the earliest Christian apologist who

wrote in Asia Minor an apology addressed to emperor

Hadrian in c124; his apology testified the continuing

testimony of those who were healed and raised from death

by Jesus

Quodvultdeus

3xx

c453

De

Tempore Barbarico, Epistles, Homilies

Bishop of Cartage (c437-); while as a

deacon at Cartage, he wrote two letters regarding

heresies to Augustine who responded with his work De

Haeresibus (but Augustine did not complete this work

before death); was expelled from the Bishop see when the

city was captured by Gaiseric; died in exile

Rabbula

3xx

435

Epistles,

Hymns

Bishop of Edessa (412-435); opposed

Nestorianism and Theodore of Mopsuestia; the leader in

the Syrian Church; ally of

Cyril of Alexandria and translated Cyril’s

Christological work into the Christian community of

Edessa which previously linked to the teachings Theodore

of Mopsuestia (the teaching against

Cyril’s Christology);

wrote rules for the life of monks and

clergy

Romanus (Romanos) Melodus

485c

560c

Kontakia

the most important composer of

Kontakia (metric sermons chanted to music); his

Kontakia works, such as On the Nativity and

On the Resurrection, are regarded as a

masterpiece of world literature

Rufinus, Tyrannius (of Aquileia)

345c

410c

Apologies

(on Origenism), Commentary

on Apostles’ Creed,

Translation Works

Jerome’s friend; a monk; a student of Didymus the

Blind at Alexandria who taught him Origenism;

established with Melania the Elder a monastery on the

Mount of Olivers; was significant in translating Greek

theological works into Latin, including the works of

Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Eusebius; his

translation of Origen’s De Principiis is the only

complete text among survived texts; supported Origenism

Salvian of Marseilles

400c

480c

Ad

Ecclesiam, De Gubernatione Dei, Epistles

a priest; wrote treatise Ad Ecclesiam

to the Church for a plea of almsgiving; under the

circumstance of the barbarian invasions, wrote De

Gubernatione Dei as a justification of divine

providence

Sedulius

3xx/4xx

4xx

Hymns, Paschale Carmen,

Paschale Opus

a priest; a Christian Latin poet; his

poems were popular in the Middle Ages;

Severian of Gabala

3xx

408c

Homilies,

Bishop of Gabala; strongly opposed John

Chrysostom; played a leading role in the Synod of Oak

(403) for deposing John Chrysostom; his sermons were

wide circulated

Severus of Antioch

465c

538

Homilies,

Epistles

a monk; became Bishop of Antioch in 512 when

Flavian was deposed; a leader of the moderate

monophysites; was deposed on the accession of the

orthodox emperor Justin I (518) because of his

monophysite position; was excommunicated by a

Constantinopolitan synod in 528

Sidonius Apollinaris

430c

486c

Epistles,

Poems

a statesman in Rome; still a layman, was

elected as Bishop of Clermont and then distributed his

wealth in charities; was exiled when Goths occupied the

city in 475, but was reinstated in c476; his poems and

epistles are an important source for the history of

Gaul

Socrates Scholasticus

380c

450

Church History

a lawyer and a Greek Church historian;

wrote Church History which was designed to

continue Eusebius’s work and covers the year 306-349 and

which was highly regarded by modern historians; his work

also shows a sympathy with the Novatianists

Sophronius

560c

638

Homilies,

Poems

Bishop of Jerusalem (634-639); a monk;

the chief opponent of monothelitism, which was supported

by Cyrus of Alexandria and emperor Heraclius

Sozomen

3xx

4xx

Historia Ecclesiastica

wrote Historia Ecclesiastica,

which covers the year 325-425; though his work has

better literary style than Socrates

Scholasticus, his failure to cite his

sources made him less regard by modern historians

Sulpicius Severus

360c

420c

Chronicorum, Dialogues, Epistles, Uita sancti Martini

Turonensis

disciple and biographer of

Martin of Tours; Paulinus of Nola’s friend and Martin if

Tours’s disciple; lived in an ascetic life; a priest;

his

Uita sancti Martini Turonensis

made great influence on later hagiography;

wrote

Chronicorum in classical style which cover the period from

creation to 400 and which gives an important information

about Priscillian

Synesius of Cyrene

370c

414c

De

Insomniis, Epistles, Hymns

Bishop of Ptolemais (410-414); defended

the city against Berber invasion; accepted to become a

Bishop with the condition of keeping his wife and his

philosophical beliefs which he have learned from

Alexandria Neoplatonist Philosopher Pypatia; most his

works appear more philosophical ideas than Christian

ones

Tatian

1xx

1xx

Diatessaron, On Morals, On Perfection according to the

Savior, Oratio ad Graecos

had Greek rhetoric and philosophy

education before conversion to Christianity in the

middle of 2nd century; Justin’s student; became a Greek

apologist and rigorist; established the ascetic sect of

the Encratities which opposed marriage and eating meat;

creator of

Diatessaron,

the edition of the four Gospels in a continuous and

harmonious narratives, which was used in Syriac Church

as the standard text of Gospels until the 5th century

and then was replaced by the four separate Gospels or by

the Peshitta version in the area which considered Titian

as a heretic

Tertullian

160c

225c

Ad

Nationes, Adversus Marcionem, Adversus Praxeam, Adversus

Valentinianos, Apologeticum, De Anima, De Fuga in

Persecutione, De Ieiunio Adversus Psychicos, De

Resurrectione Carnis

(Mortuorum), Scorpiace

had a good education in literature and

rhetoric; a layer; was converted to Christianity before

197; joined the Montanist sect; his apologetic works

pleaded for the toleration of Christianity; declared

that Christians were not dangerous to the state but good

and useful citizens who live in a high moral standard of

life; his famous saying that the blood of martyrs is the

seed of the Church; probably the editor of Passio

Sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis; in his early

works, claimed that the one true Church alone has

authority of interpreting Scripture; opposed Marcion;

made a great influence on the formula of the doctrine of

Trinity (Economic

Trinity)

in Christian tradition; his work De Anima

prompted Traducianism which become a dominant belief in

Latin theology through Augustine; opposed philosophy as

a tool of truth or Christian faith; accepted Montanist

ideas of eschatology, immediacy of the Spirit, prophecy,

ecstasy; asceticism, and the holiness of the Church; The

first Latin Father and the Father of Latin theology

Theodore of Mopsuestia

350c

428

Commentaries, Controversy with the Macedonians, Homilies

Bishop of Mopsuestia (392-428);

entered the monastic school of Diodore of

Tarsus at Antioch with John Chrysostom; following

Diodore of Tarsus’s teaching, opposed Alexandria

allegorical interpretation of Scripture, and used

historical and literal approaches; opposed Arians and

Apollinarians and supported the orthodoxy of the Council

of Constantinople (381); was condemned at the Council of

Ephesus (431) as well as the Second Council of

Constantinople (553) when Justinian tried to appease the

monophysites

Theodoret of Cyrus

393c

460c

Commentaries, Compendium of Heretical Fables, Epistles,

Eranistes, Graecarum Affectionum Curatio, Historis

Ecclesiastica, Religious History

Bishop of Cyrus (423-); distributed his

wealth to the poor and entered a monastery at Nicerte in

c416; wrote

Historis Ecclesiastica

which continues Eusebius’s work down to 428;

supporter of Nestorius and opponent of

Cyril of Alexandria; opposed monophysites; a leading

figure of two-nature Christology (Antioch School’s

Christology); argued a duality in Christ-- the

unconfused co-existence of Divine and human natures in

Christ; was accused of dividing Christ into Two Sons in

488 by Dioscorus, Cyril’s successor; the Council of

Latrocinium (Robber Council) at Ephesus (449) deposed

him; reluctantly anathematized Nestorius in the Council

of Chalcedon (451) and then reinstated his see; his

works against Cyril of Alexandria was anathematized by

the Council of Constantinople (553)

Theodotus

3xx

445c

Explanation of the Creed of Necaea,

Sermons, Six Books against Nestorius

(lost),

Bishop of Ancyra; support Cyril of

Alexandria’s Christology at the Council of Ephesus

(431); was condemned at the Council of Tarsus (432)

Theophilus of Antioch

1xx

1xx

Against Marcion, Against the Heresy of Hermogenes,

Apology

Bishop of Antioch; wrote Apology

addressed to Autolycus; developed the doctrine of Logos

beyond any of his predecessors; the first theologian to

use the term “triad (tria,j)”

for God, His Word, and His Wisdom; opposed Marcion and

Hermogenes

Tychonius

3xx

390s

Commentaries, Liber Regularum

a donatist theologian whom

Augustine of Hippo regarded highly; though affiliated in

African Donatist

Church, opposed his fellow’s views and argued that the

Church composed of both good and bad Christians;

wrote

Liber Regularum

which provides seven rules for

interpreting Scripture and which was included in

Augustine’s De Doctinea Christiana; his exegetic

works were commonly quoted and used by medieval

commentators, such as Primasius and Bede

Valerian of Cemele (Cimiez)

3xx/4xx

4xx

Homilies

Bishop of Cemele in Gaul; inclined to

Semipelagianism

Venantius Fortunatus

535c

610c

De

Excidio Theoingiae, Hymns, Pange Lingua Gloriosi, Poems,

Vexilla Regis

Bishop of Poitier; pilgrimage to St

Martin of Tour’s shrine in gratitude for the cure of his

eye-illness was cured; a priest in Poitier; Gregory of

Tour encouraged him to publish his poetry; wrote lives

of several saints, including Martin of Tour and Hilary

of Poitier; was regarded as the first of the medieval

poets

Victor of Capua

4xx

554

Reticulus

Bishop of Capua (541-); wrote a harmony

of the Gospels which was based the Vulgate text and was

preserved in Codex Fuldensis

Victorinus of Pettau

2xx

304c

Commentaries, Excerpta

Bishop of Pettau in Pannonia; the earliest

known exegete to write in Latin; follower of Origen; a

martyr probably under the persecution of Diocletian; his

works were condemned the Decretum Gelasianum because of

his millenarianism tendency

Vincent of Lérins

3xx

450c

Commonitorium

a monk on the island of

Lérins; opposed Augustinianism and supported

Semipelagianism; his work

Commonitorium

made great influence, was multiplied through many

translations, and provided a threefold formula to avoid

heretic teaching: authoritative interpretation of

Scripture by the Church, and the complementary authority

of general Councils

Zeno of Verona

3xx

380c

Homilies

Bishop of Verona (c362-c380); opposed

Arianism; active in almsgiving and concern for the poor;

his sermons show the influence of Tertullian, Cyprian,

and Lactantius as well as Virgil; was represented with a

fish in art